Jumat, 18 Mei 2012

Titrasi

Sebelum to the poin
saya trisna punya keinginan untuk bisa memisahkan zat/unsur dalam senyawa menjadi unsur bebas
bagaimana  caranya ?
"Baru dalam proses" :)

Apa itu Titrasi?

titrasiMempelajari titrasi amatlah penting bagi mahasiswa yang mengambil jurusan kimia dan bidang-bidang yang berhubungan dengannya. Titrasi sampai sekarang masih banyak dipakai di laboratorium industri disebabkan teknik ini cepat dan tidak membutuhkan banyak reagen.
Titrasi merupakan salah satu teknik analisis kimia kuantitatif yang dipergunakan untuk menentukan konsentrasi suatu larutan tertentu, dimana penentuannya menggunakan suatu larutan standar yang sudah diketahui konsentrasinya secara tepat.  Pengukuran volume dalam titrasi memegang peranan yang amat penting sehingga ada kalanya sampai saat ini banyak orang yang menyebut titrasi dengan nama analisis volumetri.
Larutan yang dipergunakan untuk penentuan larutan yang tidak diketahui konsentrasinya diletakkan di dalam buret (lihat gambar) dan larutan ini disebut sebagai larutan standar atau titran atau titrator, sedangkan larutan yang tidak diketahui konsentrasinya diletakkan di Erlenmeyer (lihat gambar) dan larutan ini disebut sebagai analit.
Titran ditambahkan sedikit demi sedikit pada analit sampai diperoleh keadaan dimana titran bereaksi secara equivalen dengan analit, artinya semua titran habis bereaksi dengan analit keadaan ini disebut sebagai titik equivalen.
Mungkin kamu bertanya apabila kita menggunakan dua buah larutan yang tidak bewarna seperti H2SO4 dan NaOH dalam titrasi, bagaimana kita bisa menentukan titik equivalent?
Titik equivalent dapat ditentukan dengan berbagai macam cara, cara yang umum adalah dengan menggunakan indicator. Indikator akan berubah warna dengan adanya penambahan sedikit mungkin titran, dengan cara ini maka kita dapat langsung menghentikan proses titrasi.
Sebagai contoh titrasi H2SO4 dengan NaOH digunakan indicator fenolpthalein (pp). Bila semua larutan H2SO4 telah habis bereaksi dengan NaOH maka adanya penambahan sedikit mungkin NaOH larutan akan berubah warna menjadi merah mudah. Bila telah terjadi hal yang demikian maka titrasi pun kita hentikan.
Keadaan dimana titrasi dihentikan dengan adanya berubahan warna indicator disebut sebagai titik akhit titrasi. Titrasi yang bagus memiliki titik equivalent yang berdekatan dengan titik akhir titrasi dan kalau bisa sama.
Perhitungan titrasi didasarkan pada rumus:
V.N titran = V.N analit
Dimana V adalah volume dan N adalah normalitas. Kita tidak menggunakan molaritas (M) disebabkan dalam keadaan reaksi yang telah berjalan sempurna (reagen sama-sama habis bereaksi) yang sama adalah mol-equivalen bukan mol. Mol-equivalen dihasilkan dari perkalian normalitas dengan volume.
Tidak semua zat bisa ditentukan dengan cara titrasi akan tetapi kita harus memperhatikan syarat-syarat titrasiuntuk mengetahui zat apa saja yang dapat ditentukan dengan metode titrasi untuk berbagai jenis titrasi yang ada. Mengenal berbagai macam peralatan yang dipergunakan dalam titrasipun sangat berguna agar kita mahir melakukan teknik titrasi.

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